Page 23 - Pakistan Oilfields Limited - Annual Report 2021

PRODUCTS

Crude Oil

An oily, flammable liquid that occurs naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface
of the earth. It consists principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons, with traces of various
nitrogenous and sulphurous compounds. During the past 600 million years, incompletely
decayed plant and animal remains have become buried under thick layers of rock. It is
believed that petroleum consists of the remains of these organisms but it is the small microscopic plankton
organism remains that are largely responsible for the relatively high organic carbon content of fine-grained
sediments which are the principle source rocks for petroleum.
Little use other than as lamp fuel was made of petroleum until the development of the gasoline engine and
its application to automobiles, trucks, tractors and airplanes. Today the world is heavily dependent on
petroleum for motive power, lubrication, fuel, dyes, drugs and many synthetics.

Natural Gas

Natural mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons found issuing from the ground or obtained f
HUMAN RIGHTS rom specially driven wells. The composition of natural gas varies in different localities. Its
chief component, methane, usually makes up from 70% to 95% and the balance is
composed of varying amounts of ethane, propane, butane and other hydrocarbon compounds. Although
Principle 1: Businesses should commonly associated with deposits, it also occurs separately in sand, sandstone and limestone deposits.
support and respect the protection of Some geologists theorize that natural gas is a byproduct of decaying vegetable matter in underground
internationally proclaimed human rights; strata, while others think it may be primordial gases that rise up from the mantle. Because of its
and flammability and high calorific value, natural gas is used extensively as an illuminant and a fuel.
Principle 2: make sure that they are
not complicit in human rights abuses.
LABOUR
STANDARDS Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Principle 3: Businesses should
uphold the freedom of association LPG is a mixture of gases, chiefly propane and butane, produced commercially from
petroleum and stored under pressure to keep it in a liquid state. The boiling point of
and the effective recognition of the
right to collective bargaining; liquefied petroleum gas varies from about -44°C to 0°C, so that the pressure required to
liquefy it is considerable and the containers for it must be of heavy steel. Common uses are
Principle 4: the elimination of all forms for cooking and heating and lighting. It is also used for powering automotive vehicles. LPG is an attractive
of forced and compulsory labor; fuel for internal- combustion engines because it burns with little air pollution and little solid residue.
ENVIRONMENT Principle 5: the effective abolition of
child labor; and
Principle 7: Businesses should Principle 6: the elimination of
support a precautionary approach to discrimination in respect of
environmental challenges; employment and occupation. Solvent Oil
Principle 8: undertake initiatives to
promote greater environmental
responsibility; and Solvent oil is one of the five major oil products closely related to people’s daily life. Its
application sectors also have a constant expansion. There are also extensive uses in
Principle 9: encourage the rubber, leather and adhesive sectors.
development and diffusion of
environmentally friendly technologies. ANTI-
CORRUPTION

Principle 10: Businesses should
work against all forms of corruption, Sulphur
including extortion and bribery.
Solid Sulphur occurs principally in three forms, all of which are brittle, yellow in color,
odorless, tasteless, and insoluble in water. It is a chemically active element and forms
many compounds, both by itself (sulfides) and in combination with other elements. It is
part of many organic compounds.
Sulphur is used in black gunpowder, matches and fireworks; in the vulcanization of rubber; as a fungicide
and insecticide; and in the treatment of certain skin diseases. The principal use of Sulphur is in the
preparation of its compounds. The most important Sulphur compound is Sulphuric acid.