Page 23 - Pakistan Oilfield Limited - Annual Report 2022

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Annual Report 2022
Products

Crude Oil

An oily, ammable liquid that occurs naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth.
It consists principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons, with traces of various nitrogenous and sulphurous
compounds. During the past 600 million years, incompletely decayed plant and animal remains have
become buried under thick layers of rock. It is believed that petroleum consists of the remains of these
organisms but it is the small microscopic plankton organism remains that are largely responsible for the
relatively high organic carbon content of ne-grained sediments which are the principle source rocks for
petroleum.
Little use other than as lamp fuel was made of petroleum until the development of the gasoline engine and its
application to automobiles, trucks, tractors and airplanes. Today the world is heavily dependent on petroleum
for motive power, lubrication, fuel, dyes, drugs and many synthetics.

Natural Gas

Natural mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons found issuing from the ground or obtained from specially
driven wells. The composition of natural gas varies in di­erent localities. Its chief component, methane,
usually makes up from 70% to 95% and the balance is composed of varying amounts of ethane, propane,
butane and other hydrocarbon compounds. Although commonly associated with deposits, it also occurs
separately in sand, sandstone and limestone deposits. Some geologists theorize that natural gas is a
byproduct of decaying vegetable matter in underground strata, while others think it may be primordial gases
that rise up from the mantle. Because of its ammability and high caloric value, natural gas is used
extensively as an illuminant and a fuel.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

LPG is a mixture of gases, chie y propane and butane, produced commercially from petroleum and
stored under pressure to keep it in a liquid state. The boiling point of liqueed petroleum gas varies
from about -44°C to 0°C, so that the pressure required to liquefy it is considerable and the containers for
it must be of heavy steel. Common uses are for cooking and heating and lighting. It is also used for powering
automotive vehicles. LPG is an attractive fuel for internal- combustion engines because it burns with little air
pollution and little solid residue.

Solvent Oil

Solvent oil is one of the ve major oil products closely related to people’s daily life. Its application
sectors also have a constant expansion. There are also extensive uses in rubber, leather and adhesive
sectors.

Sulphur

Solid Sulphur occurs principally in three forms, all of which are brittle, yellow in color, odorless,
tasteless, and insoluble in water. It is a chemically active element and forms many compounds, both by
itself (suldes) and in combination with other elements. It is part of many organic compounds.
Sulphur is used in black gunpowder, matches and reworks; in the vulcanization of rubber; as a fungicide and
insecticide; and in the treatment of certain skin diseases. The principal use of Sulphur is in the preparation of
its compounds. The most important Sulphur compound is Sulphuric acid.